Frbr
p.1 封面
FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS
書目記錄的功能需求 (書名)
Final Report 最終報告
IFLA Study
Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records國際圖聯書目記錄的功能需求研究組
(製作單位)
Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing
國際圖聯編目組常務委員會批准 (審核)
September 1997
(製作年份)
As amended and
corrected through February 2009 (修(增)定年份)
p.2 目次 (有中英對照)
p.4 研究小組 (服務單位：主美(國會圖書館)、法、加)
p.6 介紹 1.1 Background
1950~
Almost forty years ago the
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
initiated a fundamental re-examination of cataloguing theory and practice on an
international level.
將近 40 年前,國際圖書館協會和機搆聯合會(IFLA)在國際範圍內,對編目理論與實踐進行了一次徹底的梳理。
1961
The first important outcome of
that effort was a set of cataloguing principles agreed to at an international
conference held in Paris in 1961 that have subsequently come to be known as the
Paris Principles.
這項工作的第一個重要結果就是 1961 年在巴黎召開的國際會議上獲得大家認同的一家族編目原則,這些原則後來稱為巴黎原則。
1969
A second key undertaking was
initiated at the International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts held in
Copenhagen in 1969 with the adoption of a resolution to establish
international standards for the form and content of bibliographic
descriptions.
第二個關鍵的行動是 1969 年在哥本哈根召開的國際編目專家會議
上發起的,會議通過了一個關於制訂書目著錄形式與內容的國際標准的決議。
1971
The first of the standards
developed under that resolution, the International Standard Bibliographic
Description for Monographic Publications, was published in 1971.
In the years that have followed those initial undertakings the Paris Principles
and the ISBDs have served as the bibliographic foundation for a variety of new
and revised national and international cataloguing codes.
根據這個決議制訂的第一個 標准《國際標准書目著錄 (專著) 於 1971 年出版。 》經過這些初步的工作, 在以後的年月中巴黎原則和 ISBD 已經成為各種新編的和修訂的國家與國際編目規則的書目基礎。
Economic pressures have also prompted libraries to
try to simplify the cataloguing process and to do more and more “minimal level”
cataloguing in order to keep pace with the continued growth of publishing
output.
經濟壓力也促使圖書館設法簡化編目程式,通過更多採用“最簡級”的編目,來跟上出版物持續增長的速度。
1990
It was this changing environment
that formed the backdrop to the 1990 Stockholm Seminar on
Bibliographic Records, sponsored by the IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control
and International MARC (UBCIM) Programme and the IFLA Division of
Bibliographic Control.
正是這種變化的環境成為國際圖聯世界書目控制與國際
MARC(UBCIM)項目和國際圖聯書目控制 部發起召開的 1990 年斯德哥爾摩書目記錄研討會的背景。
p.9
The basic elements of the model
developed for the study--the entities, attributes, and relationships--were
derived from a logical analysis of the data that are typically reflected in
bibliographic records.
該研究建立的模型的基本元素 - 實體，屬性和關係 - 源自那些通常反映在書目記錄的數據進行邏輯分析。
p.19
3.1.1 Group 1 Entities: Work, Expression,
Manifestation, Item
The entities in the
first group (as depicted in Figure 3.1) represent the different aspects of user
interests in the products of intellectual or artistic endeavour. The entities
defined as work (a distinct intellectual or artistic creation) and expression
(the intellectual or artistic realization of a work) reflect
intellectual or artistic content. The entities defined as manifestation (the
physical embodiment of an expression of a work) and item (a
single exemplar of a manifestation), on the other hand, reflect physical
form.
The relationships depicted in the diagram indicate that a
work may be realized through one or more than one expression
(hence the double arrow on the line that links work to expression).
An expression, on the other hand, is the realization of one and only one
work (hence the single arrow on the reverse direction of that line
linking expression to work). An expression may be embodied
in one or more than one manifestation; likewise a manifestation may
embody one or more than one expression. A manifestation, in turn, may be exemplified by one or more than one
item; but an item may exemplify one and only one manifestation.
3.1.1 第一組實體:作品、內容表達、載體表現、單件
第一組實體(如圖 3.1 所示)代表知識或藝術創作產品中用戶關心的不同方面。定義為作品(獨有的 知識或藝術的創作)和內容表達(一部作品的知識或藝術的實現)的實體反映知識或藝術內容。另一方面, 定義為載體表現(一部作品的內容表達的物理體現)和單件(一種載體表現的單一樣本)的實體則反映物理形式。
p.20
3.1.2 Group 2 Entities: Person, Corporate
Body
The entities in the
second group (outlined in bold in Figure 3.2) represent those responsible for
the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and
dissemination, or the custodianship of the entities in the first group. The
entities in the second group include person (an individual) and corporate
body (an organization or group of individuals and/or organizations).
The diagram depicts the type of “responsibility”
relationships that exist between entities in the second group and the entities
in the first group. The diagram indicates that a work may be created by
one or more than one person and/or one or more than one corporate
body. Conversely, a person or a corporate body may create one
or more than one work. An expression may be realized by one or
more than one person and/or corporate body; and a person or
corporate body may realize one or more than one expression. A manifestation
may be produced by one or more than one person or corporate body;
a person or corporate body may produce one or more than one manifestation.
An item may be owned by one or more than one person and/or corporate
body; a person or corporate body may own one or more than one
item.
第二組實體(圖 3.2 的粗線框內)代表那些對第一組實體的知識或藝術內容、物質生產與傳遞或者保管負有責任的物件。第二組實體包括個人(一個個體的人)和團體(一個組織或一群個人和/或組織) 。
今天是開學的第一堂資組課，下課後被老師叫到前面去講了一些話，心情很挫折亦受影響了一陣子，卻也讓我思考了很多東西，我選擇繼續走下去，不管結果如何至少我選擇嘗試，並且會更認真盡力的去把這堂課做好，也希望能在最後能看到期待中好的結果 !!! 加油 !!!
